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Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located primarily in Central Asia, with its smaller western part extending into Eastern Europe. It is the world's largest landlocked country and the ninth-largest country in the world by area, spanning vast steppes, mountains, and deserts. This immense size gives it borders with Russia to the north, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan to the south. Astana (formerly Nur-Sultan and Astana again) serves as the capital city, known for its futuristic architecture, while Almaty remains the largest metropolis and a significant cultural and economic hub. The country's vast and diverse geography contributes to a varied climate, ranging from extreme continental in the interior to more moderate conditions in the north.

The history of Kazakhstan is shaped by centuries of nomadic traditions, with various Turkic and Mongol tribes inhabiting the region. It became part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries and later a kazakhstan mobile numbers list Soviet republic from 1936 until its independence in 1991. This history has left a lasting impact on its culture, which is a unique blend of Kazakh nomadic heritage, Russian influences, and contemporary global trends. The Kazakh language, a Turkic language, is the official language, though Russian is also widely spoken and plays a significant role in business and inter-ethnic communication. The population is ethnically diverse, with Kazakhs forming the majority, alongside significant Russian, Uzbek, Ukrainian, and other minorities. Islam is the predominant religion, primarily Sunni Islam, with a notable Orthodox Christian minority. Kazakh culture is rich in oral traditions, folk music, horse games, and vibrant hospitality, evident in the traditional yurt dwellings and communal meals.

Economically, Kazakhstan is the largest and strongest economy in Central Asia, largely owing to its immense natural resources. It possesses vast reserves of oil, natural gas, uranium, and a wide array of other minerals, making it a key player in the global energy market and a major supplier of raw materials. The energy sector is the backbone of its economy, attracting significant foreign investment. Beyond oil and gas, Kazakhstan is also a major agricultural producer, particularly of grain and livestock, and is developing its manufacturing and services sectors. The government has implemented various reforms aimed at diversifying the economy, modernizing infrastructure, and improving the investment climate to attract further foreign direct investment. Despite its resource wealth, challenges remain in areas such as economic diversification, regional disparities, and environmental issues related to its vast industrial complexes.