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Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country located in South Asia, primarily in the Himalayas. It is bordered to the north by China (specifically the Tibet Autonomous Region) and to the south, east, and west by India. Kathmandu, nestled in a large valley, is the capital and largest city, serving as the nation's political, cultural, and economic hub. Nepal is globally renowned for its extraordinary geographical diversity, encompassing the world's highest mountains, including Mount Everest (Sagarmatha), as well as dense forests, fertile plains, and high-altitude deserts, all within a relatively small area.

Nepal's history is deeply intertwined with its mountainous terrain, which has historically provided a natural barrier against invasions, allowing for the development of distinct cultures and kingdoms. For centuries, it was a collection of small independent states, eventually unified in the late 18th century by the Shah dynasty. After a period of monarchy, a decade-long civil conflict, and significant political changes, Nepal transitioned to a federal democratic republic in 2008. The country is incredibly diverse nepal mobile numbers list ethnically and linguistically, with over 125 ethnic groups and more than 120 languages spoken. Nepali is the official language, but various indigenous languages are widely used. Hinduism is the predominant religion, with a significant Buddhist minority, reflecting the fact that Nepal is the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. Traditional Nepalese culture is rich in festivals, intricate art, distinctive architecture (especially pagodas), and a strong emphasis on community and hospitality, shaped by both Hindu and Buddhist philosophies.

Economically, Nepal is one of the least developed countries in Asia, facing significant challenges due to its landlocked geography, rugged terrain, and vulnerability to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes. Agriculture remains the backbone of the economy, employing a large portion of the population and contributing significantly to GDP, with key crops including rice, maize, wheat, and sugarcane. Remittances from Nepalese working abroad are also a crucial source of foreign exchange. Tourism, however, is the most well-known and growing sector, leveraging Nepal's iconic Himalayan peaks for trekking, mountaineering, and adventure tourism, as well as its rich cultural heritage with numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley. The government is focused on infrastructure development, energy production (especially hydropower), and promoting tourism to foster sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Despite the challenges, Nepal's unique natural beauty and profound cultural heritage continue to draw global attention and support.