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Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. Its long coastline faces the Arabian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Oman to the northeast, giving it strategic access to vital shipping lanes, including the Strait of Hormuz. Muscat, a historically significant port city, is the capital and largest city, serving as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the nation. Oman's diverse geography includes vast desert plains in the interior, rugged mountain ranges (like the Hajar Mountains), and fertile coastal regions.

Oman has an ancient and proud history, with evidence of human settlement dating back over 10,000 years. It was a significant maritime trading power for centuries, controlling trade routes across the Indian Ocean oman mobile numbers list and maintaining a vast overseas empire that, at its peak in the 19th century, stretched down the East African coast to Zanzibar. Oman gained full independence from British influence in 1951. It is an absolute monarchy, ruled by a Sultan, with a unique Ibadhi branch of Islam as the dominant faith, known for its tolerant and moderate approach. While Arabic is the official language, English is widely used in business and tourism due to the country's international connections. Omani culture is deeply conservative, emphasizing strong family values, respect for elders, and traditional hospitality. It is known for its distinctive architecture, traditional music and dance, intricate silverwork (especially the Khanjar dagger), and a rich oral tradition.

Economically, Oman is an oil-producing nation, though its reserves are smaller than some of its Gulf neighbors. The hydrocarbon sector remains the largest contributor to its GDP and government revenue. However, under the leadership of Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said (who ruled until 2020) and now Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Oman has actively pursued a long-term diversification strategy known as "Vision 2040." This vision aims to reduce reliance on oil and gas by developing non-oil sectors such as tourism, logistics, manufacturing, and mining. Tourism is a growing sector, attracting visitors with its stunning natural beauty, historical forts, ancient souqs, and desert adventures, often contrasting with the more modern aesthetics of other Gulf states. The government has also invested significantly in infrastructure development, including ports, airports, and roads, to support its economic diversification goals. Despite facing the challenge of balancing economic growth with social development and the need to create jobs for its young population, Oman continues to be a stable and strategically important player in the region, known for its balanced foreign policy.