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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a transcontinental country located at the crossroads of Southeast Europe and West Asia. Its unique geographical position, straddling the Bosporus Strait, means it acts as a bridge between the two continents. It shares land borders with Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan exclave) to the east, Iran to the east, Iraq and Syria to the southeast. It is bordered by the Black Sea to the north, the Aegean Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Ankara, located in Central Anatolia, is the capital city, while Istanbul, straddling the Bosporus, is the turkey mobile numbers list largest city, economic hub, and a major global metropolis. Turkey's diverse geography includes a central Anatolian plateau, coastal plains along its various seas, and several mountain ranges, notably the Taurus Mountains in the south and the Pontic Mountains in the north.

History and Culture:
Turkey boasts a profoundly rich history shaped by millennia of diverse civilizations. The Anatolian peninsula has been home to some of the world's oldest Neolithic sites, including Göbekli Tepe and Çatalhöyük. It later saw the rise and fall of Hittites, Phrygians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. The arrival of the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century marked the Turkification of Anatolia, eventually leading to the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 13th century. The Ottoman Empire was a vast and powerful multi-ethnic state that lasted for over six centuries, leaving an immense legacy across Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa. After its defeat in World War I, the Ottoman Empire was dissolved, and the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who initiated a series of sweeping political, social, legal, and cultural reforms to modernize the country along Western lines.

Turkish culture is a vibrant fusion of diverse influences, including Central Asian Turkic, Anatolian, Ottoman, Islamic, and Western traditions. Turkish is the official language. The population is predominantly ethnic Turkish (70-75%), with Kurds forming the largest ethnic minority (19%) and other smaller groups. While officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population, predominantly Sunni, with a significant Alevi minority. Turkish culture is globally recognized for its rich literature, traditional music and dance, intricate arts and crafts (like ceramics and carpets), and a world-renowned cuisine that blends Central Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean flavors, featuring dishes like kebabs, baklava, and Turkish delight.