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Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south, and notably, nearly surrounds The Gambia, which occupies a narrow strip of land along the Gambia River. Dakar, located on the Cape Verde Peninsula, is the capital and largest city, serving as Senegal's economic and political hub. The country's landscape is diverse, featuring a predominantly Sahelian climate with a distinct rainy season, and encompassing a variety of ecosystems from semiarid grasslands to coastal areas and tropical rainforest fringes.

History and Political Landscape:
Ghana's history is rooted in ancient kingdoms like Ghana and Djolof, and it played a significant role in trans-Saharan trade routes. It became a French colony as part of French West Africa and gained independence in 1960. Senegal is recognized as one of Africa's most stable electoral democracies, having experienced peaceful transfers of power. In a significant political development, Bassirou Diomaye Diakhar Faye, an opposition candidate, was elected as the country's fifth president in the first round of the March 2024 elections, taking office in April 2024. This marked a historic shift, with the ruling party losing its majority for the first time since 1988. In the legislative elections held in November 2024, President Faye's PASTEF party secured a landslide victory, winning 130 out of 165 seats, which is expected to allow the new government to pursue its policy agenda with more vigor. The government has prioritized combating corruption and has initiated reviews of oil and gas contracts.

Culture and Demographics:
Senegalese culture is vibrant and diverse, a blend of influences from various ethnic groups and historical interactions. French is the official language, though Wolof is the most widely spoken lingua franca, understood by 80% of the population. The country has a population of over 18.8 million (2024 estimate), with the Wolof being the largest ethnic group (around 39%), followed by the Fula (27.5%) and Serer (16%). Islam is the predominant religion (over 95%), mainly adhering to Sufi brotherhoods, while Christians (mostly Roman Catholics) constitute a minority. Senegalese society is known for its strong sense of Teranga (hospitality), emphasis on community and family, and rich traditions in music (especially Mbalax), dance (particularly with the sabar drum), and storytelling by griots.

Economy (as of mid-2025):
Senegal's economy is diversified, though it has historically ghana mobile numbers list relied on agriculture (especially peanuts) and fisheries. It is classified as a low-income, developing country but is set to graduate to lower-middle-income status by 2027.

Key Sectors: The economy is driven by:
Agriculture: Employs a significant portion of the workforce, with main crops including peanuts, millet, and rice.
Mining: Senegal is a leading phosphate producer and has significant deposits of zircon, titanium, gold, and iron ore.
Tourism: A major source of foreign exchange, attracting European travelers to its beaches and cultural sites.
Services: The largest contributor to GDP, benefiting from good telecommunications infrastructure and a growing digital economy.
Hydrocarbons: The country has recently begun commercial oil production from the Sangomar oilfield (June 2024) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production from the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim (GTA) project (January 2025). This is expected to significantly boost economic growth and government revenues in the coming years, with GDP growth estimated at 6.0% for 2024 and expected to remain above that level in the next few years.
Economic Outlook: The government is focused on diversifying its economy and implementing the "Plan Senegal Emergent," aiming to position the country as a regional logistics and industrial hub by 2035. Challenges include a high informal sector, public debt, and the need to address high youth unemployment (over 60% of the population is under 25). The new government has emphasized fiscal consolidation, domestic revenue mobilization, and a review of existing oil and ga