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New Zealand, or Aotearoa (the Māori name meaning 'Land of the Long White Cloud'), is an island nation of breathtaking natural beauty and a vibrant, bicultural society, situated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Renowned globally for its stunning landscapes, adventurous spirit, and the harmonious integration of its Indigenous Māori culture, New Zealand stands as a progressive and welcoming nation that champions environmental stewardship and a unique identity.

New Zealand's history is relatively short in terms of European settlement but rich in its Indigenous heritage. The first human inhabitants were the Māori, Polynesian navigators who arrived in waves of migration from Hawaiki, likely between 1250 and 1300 CE. They developed a unique and sophisticated culture, language (Te Reo Māori), and social structure. European exploration began with Dutch navigator Abel Tasman in 1642, but it was Captain James Cook's extensive mapping in the late 18th new zealand mobile numbers list century that laid the groundwork for British colonization. The Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840 between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, is considered the founding document of modern New Zealand. While intended to establish a partnership, differing interpretations and subsequent land confiscations led to conflicts. The 20th century saw New Zealand develop as an independent nation within the British Commonwealth, known for its progressive social policies (it was the first self-governing country to grant women the right to vote in 1893) and strong welfare state. It played significant roles in both World Wars and later forged a strong independent foreign policy, famously becoming nuclear-free. Today, New Zealand actively strives for reconciliation with its Māori population and embraces its bicultural foundation.

Geographically, New Zealand consists of two main landmasses – the North Island and the South Island – and numerous smaller islands. The country is part of the largely submerged continent of Zealandia and is located on the highly active Pacific Ring of Fire, resulting in a dramatic landscape shaped by volcanic activity, geothermal areas, and seismic forces. The Southern Alps, a majestic mountain range running almost the length of the South Island, features towering peaks, glaciers, and deep fjords (like Milford Sound). The North Island is characterized by volcanic plateaus, geothermal wonders (Rotorua), and extensive coastlines. Both islands offer diverse scenery, from lush temperate rainforests and rolling farmlands to sandy beaches and geothermal hot springs. The country's unique geographical isolation has led to a highly distinctive flora and fauna, with a high proportion of endemic species, including flightless birds like the Kiwi (the national symbol) and the ancient tuatara. New Zealand's climate is temperate, with strong regional variations, ranging from subtropical in the far north to alpine in the South Island mountains.