Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab kingdom located in Western Asia, at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe. It is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the northeast, Saudi Arabia to the east and south, and Israel and Palestine to the west. A small coastline on the Red Sea in the south, at the Gulf of Aqaba, provides its only maritime outlet. Amman, the capital and largest city, is a modern metropolis built on ancient hills, serving as the country's political, cultural, and economic center. Jordan's landscape is predominantly desert and semi-arid, but it is also characterized by the Jordan Rift Valley to the west, home to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth.
Jordan's history is incredibly rich and stretches back millennia, encompassing various civilizations including the Nabataeans, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks. It gained independence from the British Mandate in 1946. Despite being situated in a volatile region, Jordan has generally maintained a reputation for stability and moderation, playing a crucial role jordan mobile numbers list in regional diplomacy. The majority of the population is Arab, with a significant Bedouin heritage that continues to influence aspects of the culture. While Arabic is the official language, English is widely understood, particularly in business and tourism sectors. Islam is the predominant religion, with a substantial Sunni Muslim majority, alongside a respected Christian minority. Jordanian culture is known for its hospitality, generosity, and strong family values, with traditional Arab customs and a deep respect for elders permeating daily life.
Economically, Jordan faces significant challenges due to its limited natural resources, particularly water and energy, and the impact of regional conflicts, which have led to large refugee inflows. Despite these hurdles, Jordan has a diversified economy with a growing services sector, including tourism, and some manufacturing and mining. Tourism is a cornerstone of the economy, drawing visitors to world-renowned historical sites like the ancient Nabataean city of Petra, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Other major attractions include the therapeutic waters of the Dead Sea, the Roman ruins of Jerash, and the dramatic desert landscapes of Wadi Rum. The government has made significant efforts to attract foreign investment, promote free trade, and develop its human capital, aiming to build a more resilient and knowledge-based economy.
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