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Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is the southernmost and largest of the three Baltic states in Northern Europe. It shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and southeast, Poland to the south, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest. It also has a coastline along the Baltic Sea to the west. Vilnius, the capital and largest city, is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its baroque architecture and vibrant Old Town, serving as the country's main economic and cultural center. The country's landscape is generally flat, characterized by rolling hills, numerous lakes, dense forests, and a network of rivers, with the Nemunas River being its largest.

Lithuania boasts a rich and complex history, having been a powerful Grand Duchy in the Middle Ages, one of the largest states in Europe, forming a significant union with Poland. It was later absorbed into the Russian Empire and experienced periods of German occupation. Like its Baltic neighbors, Lithuania regained its independence in 1918, only to be forcibly lithuania mobile numbers list incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940. It was the first Soviet republic to declare its renewed independence in 1990, playing a pivotal role in the collapse of the USSR. This long and often challenging history has shaped a distinct Lithuanian culture, characterized by a deep connection to its past, strong national identity, and a vibrant arts scene. Lithuanian is the official language, one of the two surviving Baltic languages, and is distinct from Slavic or Germanic languages. The population is predominantly Lithuanian, with Polish and Russian minorities. Catholicism is the predominant religion, playing a significant role in national identity and history. Lithuanian culture is rich in folklore, traditional songs (sutartinės), and ancient pagan traditions, with a strong emphasis on family, community, and the preservation of heritage.

Economically, Lithuania has successfully transitioned from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented one since regaining independence. It joined the European Union and NATO in 2004 and adopted the euro in 2015, fully integrating into the EU's economic and political structures. Its economy is diverse, with key sectors including services (particularly IT, financial services, and tourism), manufacturing (especially chemicals, machinery, and food processing), and agriculture. Lithuania's strategic location provides it with significant logistical advantages, making its ports, particularly Klaipėda, important gateways for trade between East and West. The country has a growing startup ecosystem, particularly in fintech, and is investing heavily in innovation and research to drive future economic growth. Despite its progress, challenges such as emigration and a shrinking workforce persist, but Lithuania continues to be a dynamic and increasingly prosperous member of the European Union.