Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country located in Northern Europe, occupying the western and northernmost part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It shares land borders with Sweden to the east, Finland and Russia to the northeast. Its extensive coastline, famously characterized by its dramatic fjords (deep, narrow inlets of the sea), faces the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, and the Barents Sea, with sovereignty over several islands and territories including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Oslo, located at the head of the Oslofjord, is the capital and largest city, serving as the country's main political, economic, and cultural center. The country's landscape is dominated by mountains and high plateaus, interspersed with vast forests and thousands of lakes.
Norway's history is deeply intertwined with its Viking heritage, its unions with Denmark and Sweden, and its eventual full independence in 1905. Despite centuries of foreign rule, Norwegians maintained a strong sense of national identity. Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk are the norway mobile numbers list two official written forms) is the official language. The population is predominantly ethnically Norwegian, with a significant Indigenous Sami minority, whose culture and rights are officially recognized and protected. Christianity, primarily the Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran), is the largest religion, though the country is increasingly secular. Norwegian culture is characterized by a deep appreciation for nature, egalitarianism, strong social welfare principles, and a rich tradition of folk music, art, and literature, often reflecting themes of self-reliance and community spirit.
Economically, Norway is a highly developed country with one of the highest per capita incomes in the world and an exceptionally high standard of living. Its prosperity is largely attributable to its vast reserves of offshore petroleum and natural gas, discovered in the North Sea in the late 1960s. Norway is a major global exporter of oil and gas, but unlike many resource-rich nations, it has managed its wealth prudently through the Government Pension Fund Global (often referred to as the Oil Fund), one of the world's largest sovereign wealth funds. This fund invests oil revenues globally, ensuring long-term financial security for future generations. Beyond oil and gas, other key sectors include hydropower (making it a leader in renewable energy), fisheries, aquaculture, and a growing technology sector. Norway is not a member of the European Union but is part of the European Economic Area (EEA), ensuring close economic ties with the EU. Despite its immense wealth, Norway actively promotes sustainable development and environmental protection, balancing resource extraction with conservation efforts.
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