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Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is bordered by Spain to the north and east, and has an extensive coastline along the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south. Lisbon, situated on the Tagus River estuary, is the capital and largest city, serving as the nation's political, economic, and cultural heart. Portugal's geography is diverse, encompassing a mountainous north, rolling hills in the center, and extensive plains in the south, with a Mediterranean climate. Its territory also includes the autonomous archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira in the Atlantic.

History and Political Landscape:
Portugal boasts a rich and influential history as a maritime power and pioneer of the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, establishing a vast global empire. After centuries as a monarchy, it became portugal mobile numbers list a republic in 1910 and, following a period of authoritarian rule, transitioned to a democracy with the Carnation Revolution in 1974. Portugal is a semi-presidential republic, a member of the European Union, NATO, and the Eurozone.

In the March 2024 general election, the center-right Democratic Alliance (AD) coalition, led by Luís Montenegro, secured a narrow victory, emerging as the largest bloc but without an absolute majority. This led to the formation of a minority government, with Luís Montenegro taking office as Prime Minister on April 2, 2024. The legislative landscape in early to mid-2025 is therefore characterized by the need for the AD government to secure support from other parties, particularly Chega, the far-right party which saw significant gains in the election, for the approval of key legislation, including the annual budget. This political fragmentation means that policy implementation will likely require extensive negotiation and compromise.

Culture and Demographics:
Portuguese is the official language. The population of Portugal is estimated at around 10.2 million in mid-2025. The majority of the population is ethnically Portuguese, with a growing number of immigrants, particularly from Brazil, Portuguese-speaking African countries, and other EU nations. Catholicism is the predominant religion, deeply influencing cultural traditions and daily life. Portuguese culture is renowned for its melancholic Fado music, a strong maritime heritage, vibrant festivals, distinctive architecture (especially Manueline style), and a rich culinary tradition featuring fresh seafood, olive oil, and pastries like pastéis de nata. Portugal is also known for its strong sense of community and family values.